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Purpose: To assess the perception of college?going girls toward corneal donation in Northern India. Methods: An online survey with a pre?structured, pre?validated questionnaire was conducted on 1721 college?going girls in Northern India. The knowledge and attitude scores were regressed, and latent class analysis was carried out. Results: The average of scores for all participants was computed individually for the knowledge questions and the attitude questions, and based on this score, total participants were divided into two groups: Better corneal donation behaviors (BCDB) and poor corneal donation behaviors. The binomial logistic regression model of knowledge domain for predicting BCDB, age of the participant, their awareness about corneal donation, and willingness to discuss eye donation among family members were found significant. Similarly, for the attitude domain, awareness about corneal donation, knowledge about hours within which ideal eye donation needs to be undertaken, and knowledge about eye donation during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID?19) pandemic were found to be significant. Latent class analysis identified one subset of participants having poorer knowledge and attitude scores and that they were more from a rural background, were having more than first order as birth order, were belonging to SC/ST classes, had illiterate or secondary education of father and mother, and were living in rented houses. Conclusion: The findings of the study significantly contribute to devising a mechanism to improve knowledge and influencing the attitude about eye donation among the youth, especially young women, who can act as counselors and motivators for the masses as well as their own families, in the generations to come.
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Background: Hypocalcemia is one of the important complications of diabetes mellitus. It occurs when the patient develops renal insufficiency but hypercalcemia occurs in diabetes due to many mechanisms including insulin resistance. Meanwhile, hypercalcemia itself produces insulin resistance and the calcium is the important one for the production of insulin and glucose uptake in the cells. Aim of the study: To assess left ventricular dimension and wall thickness mass in diabetic patients having high serum calcium level. Materials and methods: This study was conducted in Government Royapettah Hospital, Chennai for duration of 6 months from April 2018 to September 2018. 2016 patients were enrolled in the study. After obtaining an informed written consent, demographic details, past medical history and clinical examination was done. Following investigation was done in all patients. Serum calcium, serum creatinine, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting blood glucose was done. 2D ECHO – echocardiography was done in all patients. In left lateral position ECHO was performed in parasternal long axis, 4 chamber view. M mode was used to assess the septal wall, posterior wall thickness and left ventricular diastolic dimension. By using wall thickness left ventricular mass is calculated. Results: According to our serum calcium was main Determinator of left ventricular remodeling by many mechanisms. Serum calcium was > 10.2 in LVH group people but in non-LVH group people serum calcium level was within the normal limit that was given as < 10.2 mg/dl. 1 patient in non-LVH group was having high serum calcium but does not make statistical changes in that group. The mean serum calcium of LVH group was 10.6mg/dl. D. Venkateswarlu, M. Praveen Kumar. A study of high serum calcium level in diabetes mellitus and its association with left ventricular remodeling. IAIM, 2019; 6(9): 66-71. Page 67 Conclusion: Normal calcium mandatory for excitation-contraction coupling but high calcium adversely affect the ECC and produces ventricular dysfunction and through neurohormonal mechanism it produces cardiac muscle hypertrophy. According to this study increased serum calcium in diabetes has strong correlation with occurrence of cardiac remodeling.
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Background: To reduce effects associated the adverse hemodynamic effects associated with the spinal anesthesia– induced medical sympathectomy, combinations of very small doses of local anesthetic and adjuvant opioids are frequently administered. However, for elderly patients undergoing transurethral procedures, the optimal bupivacaine-fentanyl dose is unknown. The aim of the study is to find the optimal dosage of intrathecal anesthesia for elderly patients undergoing short transurethral procedures with bupivacaine–fentanyl, with stable hemodynamics. Methods: The study included 75 patients, ASA I, II and III scheduled for transurethral procedures at Kamineni hospitals, L.B. Nagar, Hyderabad which is a 350 bedded super-speciality tertiary care center. These patients were randomly allocated into three groups, 25 patients in each group. Group A received 7.5 mg bupivacaine, Group B were given 5 mg bupivacaine along with fentanyl 20 μg while patients in Group C received bupivacaine 4 mg with fentanyl 20 μg. Intrathecal fentanyl as an analgesic adjuvant to bupivacaine anesthesia. Intraoperative pain was assessed using Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Demographics, time intervals, and continuous variables (MAP, heart rate, SpO2, VAS) were analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. Results: Demographic characteristics as well as intraoperative MAP, heart rate and SpO2 were similar among groups. Intraoperative rescue fentanyl requirements were significantly higher in group C (bupivacaine 4 mg + fentanyl 20μg) when compared with those in the other two groups. In group A (bupivacaine 7.5 mg), there was significant difference in mephenteramine requirements. Conclusion: Of the doses investigated bupivacaine 5 mg with fentanyl 20μg, provided adequate analgesia and was associated with hemodynamic stability and the fewest side effects.
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Apert syndrome is named for the French physician. Eugene Apert in 1906 described the syndrome acrocephalosyndactylia. It is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by craniosynostosis, craniofacial anomalies, and severe symmetrical syndactyly of the hands and feet (i.e. cutaneous and bony fusion refers to webbing of fingers and toes). Apert syndrome is characterized by the premature fusion of certain skull bones (craniosynostosis). This early fusion prevents the skull from growing normally and affects the shape of the head and face. In addition, a varied number of fingers and toes are fused together (syndactyly). Most cases of Apert syndrome are sporadic, may result from new mutations in the gene. The purpose of this paper is to report a case of Apert syndrome in a female fetus of 30 weeks with asymmetrical skull confirmed by prenatal ultrasonography. Pregnancy was terminated and fetus was submitted for detailed autopsy in anatomy dissection hall. The findings and review of literature were presented in this article.
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A thorough knowledge of the accessory renal arteries has grown in importance with the increasing number of renal transplants and other uroradiological procedures. The literature indicates that multiple renal arteries are found in 9-75% cases. Normal anatomy describes each kidney receives irrigation from single renal artery which arises from abdominal aorta at the level L1-L2 vertebrae just below the superior mesenteric artery. Renal artery variations include their origin, number and course. The most common is the presence of additional vessels (accessory arteries) arising above the usual trunk is more frequent than one arising below. The accessory renal arteries are always end arteries. The kidneys may receive a single artery although each organ may equally be supplied by as many as six end arteries. The right and left renal arteries may arise from the aorta by a common stem or arise at lower point than usual in which case the kidneys lie below their usual position. There may be several renal arteries on each side or the renal artery may divide close to its origin into several branches. Current literature reports great variability in renal blood supply, the number of renal arteries mentioned being the most frequently found variation. Normal renal arterial information is useful not only for planning and performing of endovascular, laparoscopic uroradiological procedures and renal transplants. In order to facilitate the clinical approaches, we studied renal arterial pattern in 25 formalin fixed cadavers, on 50 kidneys during the period of one year. The purpose of this present study was to establish the incidence of accessory (aberrant) renal arteries in human cadavers and also discuss its surgical correlation during uroradiological procedures and angiographic interventions.
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Metastatic tumors are of great significance since few cases may represent the only symptom of an undiscovered underlying malignancy. Metastatic tumors rarely metastasize to the oral region despite the fact that many common primary neoplasms frequently metastasize to bone. The true incidence of metastatic tumors in the bones of the jaw is unknown, as jaws are not always included in radiographic skeletal surveys for metastasis. Sometimes oral metastasis may be the first evidence of metastasis from its primary site. A case of metastatic follicular thyroid carcinoma to the mandible is presented here, along with the discussion of clinical and histological features. The present case not only emphasizes the importance of considering metastasis in the differential diagnosis of a radiolucent lesion in the mandible, but also emphasizes in the improvement of the overall survival rate and treatment results by an early detection of metastatic disease.